THE FRAUD CODEXSCAM DETECTION
The Fraud Codex Encyclopedia

Every Scam Type Exposed

Learn how 52+ scam types work, spot the warning signs, and protect yourself. Updated for 2026 with the latest fraud tactics.

52+ Scam Types
14 Critical Threats
Updated Weekly

Legitimacy Reviews

4 scam types

Investment Scams

3 scam types

Impersonation Scams

8 scam types

Digital Arrest Scam

CRITICAL

Scammers posing as law enforcement hold victims on continuous video calls for hours or days, using fake arrest warrants and psychological coercion to extort money. This scam has caused over $350 million in losses in India and is spreading to the US.

$350+ million in India (2022-2025); Spreading to US targeting diaspora communitiesAffluent professionals

Tech Support Scam

HIGH RISK

Scammers pose as Microsoft, Apple, or other tech companies to convince you your computer has a virus and charge for fake repairs.

$924 million (FTC 2024)Adults 60+

Geek Squad / Best Buy Scam

HIGH RISK

Fake emails claiming your Geek Squad subscription auto-renewed for hundreds of dollars, prompting you to call for a "refund."

Part of $924 million in tech support fraud (FTC 2024)Anyone with email

Government Impersonation Scam

CRITICAL

Scammers pose as IRS, Social Security Administration, Medicare, or law enforcement to demand immediate payment or personal information.

$1.1 billion (FTC 2024)Seniors

Amazon Impersonation Scam

HIGH RISK

Scammers pose as Amazon customer service claiming there's a problem with your account, order, or Prime membership.

Part of $660 million in business impersonation losses (FTC 2024)Amazon customers

Bank Impersonation Scam

CRITICAL

Scammers pose as your bank's fraud department claiming suspicious activity on your account, then trick you into moving money to "protect" it.

$330 million in bank impersonation losses (FTC 2024)Bank customers of all ages

Utility Company Scam

MEDIUM

Scammers pose as electric, gas, or water companies threatening to shut off your service unless you pay immediately.

Part of $660 million in business impersonation lossesHomeowners

Grandparent Scam

HIGH RISK

Scammers call pretending to be a grandchild in trouble — car accident, jail, hospital — urgently needing money and secrecy.

$1.9 billion lost by adults 60+ to fraud (2024)Grandparents

Romance Scams

3 scam types

Online Shopping Scams

2 scam types

Job & Employment Scams

2 scam types

Phishing & Smishing

4 scam types

AI-Powered Scams

8 scam types

AI Voice Cloning Scam

CRITICAL

Scammers use AI to clone the voice of a family member, then call claiming to be in an emergency and needing money immediately.

Emerging — individual losses of $5,000-$50,000+ reportedParents and grandparents

Deepfake Video Scam

HIGH RISK

AI-generated videos impersonating celebrities, executives, or trusted figures to promote fake investments, crypto scams, or giveaways.

Part of $4.6 billion in investment fraud (2024)Social media users

AI-Enhanced Phishing

HIGH RISK

Highly personalized phishing emails written by AI that are more convincing and harder to detect than traditional phishing attempts.

Part of $3 billion in business email compromise (2024)Employees

AI Girlfriend/Boyfriend Scam

HIGH RISK

Fake romantic partners powered by AI chatbots that build emotional relationships, then manipulate victims into sending money, gifts, or cryptocurrency.

Emerging — part of $1.1 billion in romance fraud (2024)Lonely individuals

Deepfake CEO Fraud

CRITICAL

Criminals use AI-generated video or audio of company executives to authorize fraudulent wire transfers, often targeting finance employees in real-time video calls.

$2.9 billion in BEC losses (FBI 2024) — deepfake cases growing rapidlyFinance departments

Virtual Kidnapping Scam

CRITICAL

Scammers use AI voice cloning to fake a kidnapping, calling parents with their child's cloned voice crying for help and demanding immediate ransom.

Individual losses of $5,000-$50,000+ per incidentParents

Fake AI Tool Malware

HIGH RISK

Malicious software disguised as popular AI tools like ChatGPT, Midjourney, or DALL-E that steals data, credentials, or installs ransomware.

Data theft, ransomware infections, credential compromiseAnyone interested in AI tools

AI Trading Bot Scam

HIGH RISK

Fake "AI-powered" trading bots that promise guaranteed returns using artificial intelligence but are actually Ponzi schemes or outright theft.

Part of $4.6 billion in investment fraud (2024)Investors

Prize & Lottery Scams

2 scam types

Cryptocurrency Scams

3 scam types

Cyber & Technical Scams

8 scam types

Synthetic Identity Fraud

CRITICAL

Criminals create fake identities by combining YOUR real Social Security number with fabricated names and details. The damage may not surface for years, and traditional credit monitoring won't detect it. US lenders faced $3.3 billion in exposure in 2025 alone.

$3.3 billion lender exposure (H1 2025); $23-35 billion annual US losses estimated; Individual victims face years of credit damageChildren

QR Code Scam (Quishing)

HIGH RISK

Malicious QR codes placed on parking meters, restaurant menus, flyers, and fake packages that lead to phishing sites or malware downloads.

Emerging — FBI issued multiple warnings in 2023-2024Anyone who scans QR codes

SIM Swap Attack

CRITICAL

Criminals convince your phone carrier to transfer your number to their SIM card, then intercept 2FA codes to drain bank accounts and crypto wallets.

$68 million in SIM swap losses (FBI 2021) — likely much higher unreportedCryptocurrency holders

Synthetic Identity Fraud

HIGH RISK

Criminals combine real and fake information to create new synthetic identities used to open accounts, build credit, and commit large-scale financial fraud.

$3 billion annually (Federal Reserve estimate)Financial institutions

Password Extortion Scam

MEDIUM

Emails claiming "I have your password" and threatening to release embarrassing webcam footage unless you pay Bitcoin — usually a bluff using passwords from old data breaches.

Part of $178 million in extortion losses (FBI 2024)Anyone with email

Fake Data Breach Notification

MEDIUM

Phishing emails disguised as legitimate data breach notifications that trick you into entering credentials on fake "identity protection" or "password reset" sites.

Part of $3 billion in business email compromise (2024)Anyone with email

Typosquatting Scam

MEDIUM

Fake websites with URLs similar to legitimate sites (like "arnaz0n.com" or "paypa1.com") designed to steal credentials, distribute malware, or harvest payment info.

Part of data theft, credential harvesting, and phishing lossesAnyone who types URLs manually or clicks links quickly

Brushing Scam

LOW

Receiving unsolicited packages you didn't order — sellers use your address to create fake "verified purchases" for fake reviews, but indicates your data has been compromised.

Financial loss is minimal, but indicates data compromiseRandom individuals whose information is in data breaches

Platform Legitimacy

4 scam types

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About The Fraud Codex Scam Encyclopedia

The Fraud Codex is a comprehensive database of every known scam type targeting consumers in 2026. Our encyclopedia covers investment scams like pig butchering and Ponzi schemes, impersonation scams including tech support and government impersonator fraud, AI-powered scams using voice cloning and deepfakes, phishing and smishing attacks, romance scams, cryptocurrency fraud, employment scams, and shopping fraud.

Each scam entry includes detailed information on how the scam works, red flags to watch for, real victim examples, protection tips, and what to do if you've been victimized. Our data is sourced from the FBI, FTC, SEC, and leading cybersecurity researchers.

Common questions we answer: What is a pig butchering scam? How do romance scams work? How to spot a phishing email? What are the warning signs of a crypto scam? How to protect elderly parents from scams?